期刊
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00202
关键词
hypospadias; severity; etiology; metabolites; metabolome; metabolomics
类别
资金
- MBRS-RISE R25 [R25GM061838]
- NIGMS-INBRE-PR NIH [5P20GM103475]
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institute of Health [2U54MD007587]
- CCRHD-NIMHD RCMI [U54M007600]
Background & Objective: Hypospadias, characterized by the displacement of the opening of the urethra at any point in the medial-ventral side of the penis, is classified upon severity as mild (Type I) and severe (Type II and Type III) hypospadias. Hypospadias' etiology is idiopathic in the majority of cases, and underlying causes seem of multifactorial origin. Studies regarding genetic variants support this notion. It is unknown whether downstream gene products fit this profile. This study evaluated the metabolome of hypospadias by using the emerging technology of metabolomics in the search for distinct cellular processes associated with hypospadias' etiology according to the severity of this congenital urogenital condition. Methods: Foreskin samples were collected during urethroplasty from boys with Type I, II, and III hypospadias or undergoing elective circumcision (N = 28) between 5 and 28 months of age. Samples were processed and submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). MetaboloAnalyst () online platform was used for bioinformatic analyses. Results: Thirty-five metabolites across experimental groups were identified by GC/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the metabolome of Type II and Type III hypospadias patients differs from the metabolome of Type I hypospadias and control patients. Of those 35, 10 amino acids were found in significantly low concentrations in severe hypospadias: aspartate, glutamate, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, and tyrosine. A high concentration of the amino acid lysine was detected in mild hypospadias. Conclusions: The observed downregulation of specific amino acids in severe hypospadias provides alternative routes for future research aiming to identify disrupted networks and pathways while considering the severity of hypospadias.
作者
我是这篇论文的作者
点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。
推荐
暂无数据