Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan Coated PLGA Nanoparticles of Resveratrol: Improved Stability, Antioxidant and Apoptotic Activities in H1299 Lung Cancer Cells

Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenolic compound which has shown beneficial pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. However, poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and low stability are the major limitations to the clinical application of RES. Therefore, in the present study, chitosan (CS) coated PLGA nanoparticles of RES (CS-RES-PLGA NPs) was developed, characterized and its anticancer activity was evaluated in the H1299 lung carcinoma cell line. The effects of the increase in CS coating and cryoprotectant concentration on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) were determined. The particle size, PDI, ZP and entrapment efficiency of the optimized CS-RES-PLGA NPs were found to be 341.56 +/- 7.90 nm, 0.117 +/- 0.01, 26.88 +/- 2.69 mV and 75.13% +/- 1.02% respectively. The average particle size and ZP showed a steady increase with an increase in CS concentration. The increase in positive zeta potential is evident for higher CS concentrations. The effect of trehalose as cryoprotectant on average particle size was decreased significantly (p< 0.05) when it was increased from 1%-5%w/v. TEM and SEM showed uniform particle distribution with a smooth surface and spherical shape. The CS coating provides modulation of in vitro drug release and showed a sustained release pattern. The stability of RES loaded PLGA NPs was improved by CS coating. CS-coated NPs showed greater cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities compared to free RES. The CS coated NPs had a higher antioxidant effect than the free RES. Therefore, CS coated PLGA NPs could be a potential nanocarrier of RES to improve drug solubility, entrapment, sustain release, stability and therapeutic application.