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Dysregulated Mucosal Immunity and Associated Pathogeneses in Preterm Neonates

期刊

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 11, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00899

关键词

necrotizing enterocolitis; toll like receptors; sepsis; intestinal epithelial barrier; lymphocytes; regulatory lymphocytes; neonatal immunity

资金

  1. NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK117186, T32 DK007713] Funding Source: Medline
  2. NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM078238] Funding Source: Medline

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Many functions of the immune system are impaired in neonates, allowing vulnerability to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections which would otherwise not be pathogenic to mature individuals. This vulnerability is exacerbated in compromised newborns such as premature neonates and those who have undergone surgery or who require care in an intensive care unit. Higher susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections is associated with delayed immune system maturation, with deficiencies present in both the innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review recent insights into early life immunity, and highlight features associated with compromised newborns, given the challenges of studying neonatal immunity in compromised neonates due to the transient nature of this period of life, and logistical and ethical obstacles posed by undertaking studies newborns and infants. Finally, we highlight how the unique immunological characteristics of the premature host play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases that are unique to this population, including necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated sequalae of lung and brain injury.

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