Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight Wall Squat Therapeutic Exercise

Featured Applications With the results of this study, therapists can manage the wall squat exercise and its variants to finely modulate the lower-limb joint torques and to minimize the shear component of the tibiofemoral joint reaction force. Abstract This study provides a biomechanical analysis of the bodyweight wall-squat exercise considering four exercise variants: knee angle; horizontal hip-ankle distance (d); shift between the rearfoot and forefoot of the centre of pressure (x(GR)) of the ground reaction force; back supported via the scapular or pelvic zone. The ankle and hip angles corresponding to a given knee angle can be modulated, changing the distance d, to manage limitation in lumbopelvic and ankle mobility. The knee-extensor muscles can be overloaded (250 Nm muscle torque) with knees flexed at 90 degrees, back supported through the pelvic zone, and feet away from the wall (d = 50 cm). Scapular support, x(GR) at forefoot, and d = 50 cm, yield a higher level of muscle-torque for hip-extension (130 Nm) and knee-flexion (65 Nm), with knees at 90 degrees of flexion or near full extension, respectively. Ankle-dorsiflexion (plantarflexion) muscle torque up to 40 Nm is reached with x(GR) at the forefoot (rearfoot). This study may aid trainers and therapists to finely modulate the muscle torques (up to the above-mentioned levels) by an appropriate selection of exercise variants for training or rehabilitation purposes. Low levels (60 N) of anterior tibial pull may occur near 25 degrees of knee flexion with xGR at the rearfoot.