Design and efficient synthesis of pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside hybrids as potential anticancer agents

C-glycosides are important class of molecules exhibit diverse biological activities and present as structural motif in many natural products. Two series of new pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside molecular hybrids (n=36) were efficiently synthesized starting from diverse indole 3-carboxaldehydes derived alpha, beta -unsaturated ketone derivatives of beta -D-glucosyl-propan-2-one, beta -D-galactosyl-propan-2-one and beta -D-mannosyl-propan-2-one, reacting with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in shorter reaction time (15min) under microwave assisted condition. Anticancer activity of these newly synthesized pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indoles C-glycoside hybrids were determined in details through cellular assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The selected library members displayed low micromolar (IC50=0.67-4.67 mu M) and selective toxicity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Whereas these compounds were nontoxic towards normal cell line (MCF-10A). Mechanistic studies showed that, active compounds inhibit COX-2 enzyme, which was also supported by molecular docking studies. These findings are expected to provide new leads towards anticancer drug discovery.