Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to assess bowel perfusion during totally laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer

Background To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative assessment of bowel perfusion in totally laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (IGFI). Methods From October 2017 to June 2019, consecutive patients with colon cancer who underwent totally laparoscopic surgery were enrolled retrospectively and grouped into the IGFI group (n = 84) and control group (n = 105). In the IGFI group, indocyanine green (ICG) was injected intravenously, and the bowel perfusion was observed using a fluorescence camera system prior to and after completion of the anastomosis. Results The two groups were demographically comparable. The IGFI group exhibited a significantly shorter operative time (p = 0.0374) while intraoperative blood loss did not significantly differ among the groups (p = 0.062). In the IGFI group, average time to perfusion fluorescence was 48.4 +/- 14.0 s after ICG injection, and four patients (4.8%) were required to choose a more proximal point of resection due to the lack of adequate fluorescence at the point previously selected. There were no differences in terms of pathological outcomes, postoperative recovery and the postoperative complication rates between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion IGFI shows promise as a safe and feasible tool to assess bowel perfusion during a totally laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer and may reduce the operative time.