期刊
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
卷 81, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102290
关键词
Non-exhaust emissions; Brake wear particles; Tire-road contact particles; Size distribution; Chemical composition; Air quality
资金
- ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency) [1566C0016]
- CaPPA project (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) - French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Future Investment Program) [ANR-11-LABX-0005-01]
- Hauts-de-France Regional Council
- Ministry of Higher Education and Research (CPER IRenE)
- European Fund for Regional Economic Development
Non-exhaust particle (NEP) emissions from road traffic contribute significantly to Particulate Matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. The primary objective herein is to develop the knowledge required to move toward more sustainable mobility. NEP emissions are studied by means of complementary experiments on chassis dynamometers, on test tracks and at the roadside. Laboratory tests demonstrate that brake wear particles (BWP) emissions can change with braking force and frequency. A brake pad temperature threshold exists, above which the rate of ultrafine particle emissions is quite high. Below this threshold, the BWP emissions are dominant in the accumulation and coarse modes. Test track measurements have demonstrated that tire-road contact particle (TRCP) emissions considerably modify the atmospheric PM background especially for the supermicron fraction. Their number size distribution highlighted an ultrafine and accumulation modes centered at about 40 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The TRCP level increases with vehicle speed and during the acceleration and deceleration phases. Roadside measurements in the urban environment confirm the presence of NEP in significant proportions, in both the accumulation and coarse modes. The chemical composition of NEP differs depending on the size mode: BWP mainly stem from the degradation of brake pad lining materials, while TRCP are a mixture of tire tread wear and re-suspended dust. The presence of Fe-rich particles nevertheless serves as a good indicator of the NEP contribution to PM at the roadside. Lastly, in considering the parameters influencing NEP emissions, a series of recommendations are offered in order to achieve a more sustainable mobility.
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