The impact of financial toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Background: Biopsychosocial distress screening is a critical component of comprehensive cancer care. Financial issues are a common source of distress in this patient population. This study uses a bio-psychosocial distress screening tool to determine the factors associated with financial toxicity and the impact of these stressors on gastrointestinal cancer patients. Methods: A 48-question, proprietary distress screening tool was administered to patients with gastrointestinal malignancies from 2009 to 2015. This validated, electronically-administered tool is given to all new patients. Responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (not a problem) to 5 (very severe problem), with responses rated at >= 3 indicative of distress. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: Most of the 1,027 patients had colorectal (50%) or hepatobiliary (31%) malignancies. Additionally, 34% of all patients expressed a high level of financial toxicity. Age greater than 65 (odds ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.47-0.86, P<.01), college education (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.38-0.73, P<.0001), being partnered (odds ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.84, P<.01), and annual income greater than $40,000 (odds ratio: 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.38, P<.0001) were all protective against financial toxicity on univariate analysis. Also, heavy tobacco use was associated significantly with increased distress on univariate analysis (odds ratio: 2.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-5.78, P<.01). With the exception of partnered status (odds ratio: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.85, P=.46), all these variables retained their significant association with financial toxicity in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Financial toxicity impacts a large number of cancer patients. Further study of at-risk populations may identify patients who would benefit from pre-emptive education and counseling interventions as part of their routine cancer care. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.