期刊
SMALL
卷 16, 期 19, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000680
关键词
carbon dots; D-pi-A; in vivo imaging; multiphoton absorptions; near-infrared
类别
资金
- National Natural Science Foundations of China [51772001]
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, P. R. China
Carbon dots (CDs), with excellent optical property and cytocompatibility, are an ideal class of nanomaterials applied in the field of biomedicine. However, the weak response of CDs in the near-infrared (NIR) region impedes their practical applications. Here, UV-vis-NIR full-range responsive fluorine and nitrogen doped CDs (N-CDs-F) are designed and synthesized that own a favorable donor-pi-acceptor (D-pi-A) configuration and exhibit excellent two-photon (lambda(ex) = 1060 nm), three-photon (lambda(ex) = 1600 nm), and four-photon (lambda(ex) = 2000 nm) excitation upconversion fluorescence. D-pi-A-conjugated CDs prepared by solvothermal synthesis under the assistance of ammonia fluoride are reported and are endowed with larger multiphoton absorption (MPA) cross sections (3PA: 9.55 x 10(-80) cm(6) s(2) photon(-2), 4PA: 6.32 x 10(-80) cm(8) s(3) photon(-3)) than conventional organic compounds. Furthermore, the N-CDs-F show bright deep-red to NIR fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo, and can even stain the nucleoli of tumor cells. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the strong inter-dot and intra-dot hydrogen bonds through N-H center dot center dot center dot F that can facilitate the expanding of conjugated sp(2) domains, and thus not only result in lower highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level but also larger MPA cross sections than those of undoped CDs.
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