期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 287, 期 1922, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2873
关键词
resource specialization; forbidden links; modularity; phenology; abundances; pollination
资金
- CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) through a PDSE [8012/2014-08]
- CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) [CONACYT 417094]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2015/21457-4]
- CNPq [310999/2018-9]
- CAPES/FUNDECT PAPOS [23/200.638/2014]
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (Costa Rica)
- German Academic Exchange Service
- Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship [H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-704409]
- Natural Environment Research Council as part of the Cambridge Earth System Science NERC DTP [NE/L002507/1]
- PQ scholarships [309453/2013-5, 313801/2017-7]
- National Council of Science and Technology
- Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF96]
Interactions between species are influenced by different ecological mechanisms, such as morphological matching, phenological overlap and species abundances. How these mechanisms explain interaction frequencies across environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Consequently, we also know little about the mechanisms that drive the geographical patterns in network structure, such as complementary specialization and modularity. Here, we use data on morphologies, phenologies and abundances to explain interaction frequencies between hummingbirds and plants at a large geographical scale. For 24 quantitative networks sampled throughout the Americas, we found that the tendency of species to interact with morphologically matching partners contributed to specialized and modular network structures. Morphological matching best explained interaction frequencies in networks found closer to the equator and in areas with low-temperature seasonality. When comparing the three ecological mechanisms within networks, we found that both morphological matching and phenological overlap generally outperformed abundances in the explanation of interaction frequencies. Together, these findings provide insights into the ecological mechanisms that underlie geographical patterns in resource specialization. Notably, our results highlight morphological constraints on interactions as a potential explanation for increasing resource specialization towards lower latitudes.
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