期刊
PHYSICS-USPEKHI
卷 64, 期 2, 页码 191-210出版社
TURPION LTD
DOI: 10.3367/UFNe.2020.03.038735
关键词
apokamp; apokamp discharge; blue jets; red sprites; middle atmosphere of Earth; transient luminous events
资金
- State Assignment of the Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences [13.1.4]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Joint Institute for High Temperatures, RAS) [19-08-00286, 20-02-00320]
The phenomenon of the formation of an extended luminous structure at the bend of the channel of a high-voltage pulse discharge, known as apokamp, is described in the article along with the necessary conditions for its formation. Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that apokamp is a narrow streamer channel that propagates at speeds depending on voltage, pressure, and gas type. Similarities between apokamps and blue jets have been revealed in the research.
We describe the recently discovered phenomenon of the formation of an extended luminous structure at the bend of the channel of a high-voltage pulse discharge. It is called the apokamp (from the Greek words alpha pi omicron-'from' and kappa alpha mu pi eta-'bend'), and the discharge as a whole is referred to as apokampic. In the course of experimental and theoretical studies, it is shown that the apokamp is a narrow streamer channel that propagates at a characteristic speed of tens to hundreds of km/s, depending on the applied voltage, pressure, and gas type. The necessary conditions for apokamp formation are established. The apokamp discharge is used for laboratory studies of conditions for the formation of blue jets and red sprites-large-scale transient luminous events (transients) observed in Earth's atmosphere above areas with thunderstorm activity. The revealed signs of similarity between apokamps and blue jets are described. The proposed experimental setup can also be used for meaningful testing of hypotheses about the conditions of formation of transients in Earth's atmosphere and in the atmospheres of other planets.
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