期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 124, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.100605
关键词
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资金
- Westlake University
- NSFC [11974288]
- ANL LDRD Project [1007112]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS initiative at MIT [GBMF4303]
- Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities
A powerful perspective in understanding nonequilibrium quantum dynamics is through the time evolution of its entanglement content. Yet apart from a few guiding principles for the entanglement entropy, to date, much less is known about the refined characteristics of entanglement propagation. Here, we unveil signatures of the entanglement evolving and information propagating out of equilibrium, from the view of the entanglement Hamiltonian. We investigate quantum quench dynamics of prototypical Bose-Hubbard model using state-of-the-art numerical technique combined with conformal field theory. Before reaching equilibrium, it is found that a current operator emerges in the entanglement Hamiltonian, implying that entanglement spreading is carried by particle flow. In the long-time limit the subsystem enters a steady phase, evidenced by the dynamic convergence of the entanglement Hamiltonian to the expectation of a thermal ensemble. Importantly, the entanglement temperature in steady state is spatially independent, which provides an intuitive trait of equilibrium. These findings not only provide crucial information on how equilibrium statistical mechanics emerges in many-body dynamics, but also add a tool to exploring quantum dynamics from the perspective of the entanglement Hamiltonian.
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