期刊
CHEMICAL REVIEWS
卷 116, 期 11, 页码 6391-6423出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00623
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资金
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research
- Hallas-Moller grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation
- PRACE
- Danish Council for Independent Research
- Carlsberg Foundation
- Velux Foundations
- Lundbeck Foundation
- EPSRC [EP/M013898/1]
- DyNet PRACE-3IP Project [DECI-11]
- ISCRA CINECA HPC Grants
- EPSRC [EP/L000253/1, EP/M013898/1, EP/M022609/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M022609/1, EP/L000253/1, EP/M013898/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF11OC1014446] Funding Source: researchfish
Proteins are dynamic entities that undergo a plethora of conformational changes that may take place on a wide range of time scales. These changes can be as small as the rotation of one or a few side-chain dihedral angles or involve concerted motions in larger portions of the three-dimensional structure; both kinds of motions can be important for biological function and allostery. It is becoming increasingly evident that connector regions are important components of the dynamic personality of protein structures. These regions may be either disordered loops, i.e., poorly structured regions connecting secondary structural elements, or linkers that connect entire protein domains. Experimental and computational studies have, however, revealed that these regions are not mere connectors, and their role in allostery and conformational changes has been emerging in the last few decades. Here we provide a detailed overview of the structural properties and classification of loops and linkers, as well as a discussion of the main computational methods employed to investigate their function and dynamical properties. We also describe their importance for protein dynamics and allostery using as examples key proteins in cellular biology and human diseases such as kinases, ubiquitinating enzymes, and transcription factors.
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