Measurement and microscopic description of odd-even staggering of charge radii of exotic copper isotopes

Isotopes with an odd number of neutrons are usually slightly smaller in size than their even-neutron neighbours. In charge radii of short-lived copper isotopes, a reduction of this effect is observed when the neutron number approaches fifty. Nuclear charge radii globally scale with atomic mass number A as A(1/3), and isotopes with an odd number of neutrons are usually slightly smaller in size than their even-neutron neighbours. This odd-even staggering, ubiquitous throughout the nuclear landscape(1), varies with the number of protons and neutrons, and poses a substantial challenge for nuclear theory(2-4). Here, we report measurements of the charge radii of short-lived copper isotopes up to the very exotic Cu-78 (with proton number Z = 29 and neutron number N = 49), produced at only 20 ions s(-1), using the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method at the Isotope Mass Separator On-Line Device facility (ISOLDE) at CERN. We observe an unexpected reduction in the odd-even staggering for isotopes approaching the N = 50 shell gap. To describe the data, we applied models based on nuclear density functional theory(5,6) and A-body valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group theory(7,8). Through these comparisons, we demonstrate a relation between the global behaviour of charge radii and the saturation density of nuclear matter, and show that the local charge radii variations, which reflect the many-body polarization effects, naturally emerge from A-body calculations fitted to properties of A <= 4 nuclei.