Weak lensing minima and peaks: Cosmological constraints and the impact of baryons

We present a novel statistic to extract cosmological information in weak lensing data: the lensing minima. We also investigate the effect of baryons on cosmological constraints from peak and minimum counts. Using the Mass iveNuS simulations, we find that lensing minima are sensitive to non-Gaussian cosmological information and are complementary to the lensing power spectrum and peak counts. For an LSST-like survey, we obtain 95 per cent credible intervals from a combination of lensing minima and peaks that are significantly stronger than from the power spectrum alone, by 44 per cent, 11 per cent, and 63 per cent for the neutrino mass sum Sigma m(v), matter density Omega(m), and amplitude of fluctuation A(s), respectively. We explore the effect of baryonic processes on lensing minima and peaks using the hydrodynamical simulations BAHAMAS and Osato15. We find that ignoring baryonic effects would lead to strong (approximate to 4 sigma) biases in inferences from peak counts, but negligible (approximate to 0.5 sigma) for minimum counts, suggesting lensing minima are a potentially more robust tool against baryonic effects. Finally, we demonstrate that the biases can in principle be mitigated without significantly degrading cosmological constraints when we model and marginalize the baryonic effects.