期刊
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
卷 154, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111078
关键词
Ecotoxicology; Sunscreen; Zinc oxide nanoparticle; Copepod; Oxidative stress
资金
- Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government via the General Research Fund [17305715]
- Hong Kong Scholars Program [XJ2012050]
- RGC via Collaborative Research Fund [C7044-14G]
- Theme-based Research Scheme [T21-711/16-R]
The study, for the first time, evaluated the leaching rate of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) from human skins which were applied with three commercial sunscreens containing nZnO as an active ingredient. The leaching rate of nZnO varied greatly among the sunscreens, with a range of 8-72% (mean +/- SD: 45% +/- 33%). We further investigated their toxicities to the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. We found that 96-h median lethal concentrations of the three sunscreens to T. japonicus were > 5000, 230.6, and 43.0 mg chemical L-1, respectively, equivalent to Zn2+ concentrations at>82.5, 3.2, and 1.2 mg Zn L-1, respectively. Exposure to the individual sunscreens at environmentally realistic concentrations for 96 h led to up-regulation of antioxidant genes in T. japonicus, while they triggered the release of reactive oxygen species based on the results of in vivo assays. Evidently, these nZnO-included sunscreens can cause oxidative stress and hence pose risk to marine organisms.
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