Structural properties of methane and butane mixed-gas hydrates

Solid-state C-13 NMR and powder X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted on mixed gas hydrates including methane and butane (i-butane and n-butane) to investigate the effect of guest composition in the hydrate lattice on the lattice parameters and density. The guest molecules were quantitatively analyzed by C-13 NMR spectroscopic techniques without the influence of uncaged components. The C-13 NMR measurements showed that the large cages in the structure II hydrate framework were almost fully occupied by methane and butane. Furthermore, small cage occupancies decreased with increasing butane composition as butane molecules preferentially occupied the large cages of structure II. The powder X-ray diffraction profiles showed that the lattice constant of structure II hydrate crystals increased with increasing butane composition, suggesting that the variation in guest distribution in the methane-butane systems contributes to the lattice expansion. The hydrate densities were estimated using the lattice parameters from the powder X-ray diffraction profiles and cage occupancies from C-13 NMR spectra, and the results obtained suggested that the lattice expansion contributes to lowering the hydrate density. The resultant structural properties of the mixed gas hydrates will be useful for designing novel gas hydrate technologies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.