期刊
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
卷 284, 期 -, 页码 158-165出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.053
关键词
Transesterification; Kinetics modeling; Acoustic waves; Animal fat waste; Immobilized; Enzyme
资金
- McGill University
In this study, the effects of ultrasonic parameters (amplitude, cycle and pulse) and major reaction factors (molar ratio and enzyme concentration) on the reaction kinetics of biodiesel generation from waste lard bio-catalyzed by immobilized lipase [Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB)] were investigated. A Ping Pang Bi Bi kinetic model approach was employed to study the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the enzymatic transesterification. Kinetic constants of transesterification reaction were determined at different ultrasonic amplitudes (30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) and enzyme concentrations (4, 6, and 8 wt.% of fat) at constant molar ratio (fat:methanol); 1:6, and ultrasonic cycle; 5 kHz. Parametric effects on the yield were studied using three sets of experiments namely A, B, and C. In experiment set A, two factors (ultrasonic amplitude and cycle) were investigated at three levels; in experiment set B, two factors (molar ratio and enzyme concentration) were examined at three levels; and in experiment set C, two factors (ultrasonic amplitude and reaction time) were investigated at five levels. A yield of 96.8% was attained in 20 min at an ultrasonic amplitude (40%) at 5 kHz, fat:methanol molar ratio (1:4) and catalyst level 6% (w/w of fat). The fitted curves of the kinetic mechanism showed a sigmoidal curve due to mass transfer limitations which controlled the process at the beginning of the reaction. The kinetic model results also revealed interesting features of ultrasound assisted enzyme-catalyzed transesterification: at ultrasonic amplitude 40%, the reaction activities within the system seemed to be steady after 20 min which means the reaction could proceed with or without ultrasonic mixing. The kinetic model approach employed describes the whole methanolysis process accurately. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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