期刊
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
卷 284, 期 -, 页码 872-878出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.102
关键词
Esterification; Supercritical methanol; Palm fatty acid distillate; Carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst; Fatty acid methyl ester
资金
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
- MOSTI-eScience [5450746, 06-01-04-SF-1780]
The esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) in supercritical methanol was investigated by using carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by sulfonation of incomplete carbonized glucose and starch, which had been coded as sulfonated-ICG and sulfonated-ICS, respectively. The contents of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and its yield were determined by using gas chromatography techniques. The effects of sub- and supercritical operating conditions such as methanol/PFAD molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction time were analyzed to determine their optimum operating conditions. At optimum reaction temperature of 290 degrees C, methanol/PFAD molar ratio of 6/1, catalyst amount of 1 wt.% and 5 min reaction time, the esterification of PFAD in supercritical methanol with the presence of sulfonated-ICS and -ICG catalysts resulted 97.3% and 95.4% of FAME; both catalysts yield significantly higher percentages compared to uncatalyzed reaction. Alongside of its potential in enhancing the efficiency of production process, the utilization of carbohydrate-derived solid acid catalyst in supercritical methanol method had also resulting fast reaction and energy saving. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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