Removal of antibiotic compounds by adsorption using glycerol-based carbon materials

This study is focused on the synthesis and application of glycerol-based carbon materials (GBCM(200). GBCM(300) and GBCM(350)) as adsorbents for the removal of the antibiotic compounds flumequine and tetracycline from aqueous solution. The synthesis enrolled the partial carbonization of a glycerol-sulfuric acid mixture, followed by thermal treatments under inert conditions and further thermal activation under oxidative atmosphere. The textural properties were investigated through N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and the presence of oxygenated groups was discussed based on zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data. The kinetic data revealed that the equilibrium time for flumequine adsorption was achieved within 96 h, while for tetracycline, it was reached after 120 h. Several kinetic models, i.e., pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, fractional power, Elovich and Weber-Morris models, were applied, finding that the pseudo-second order model was the most suitable for the fitting of the experimental kinetic data. The estimated surface diffusion coefficient values, D-s, of 3.88 and 5.06 x 10(-14) m(2) s(-1), suggests that the pore diffusion is the rate limiting step of the adsorption process. Finally, as it is based on SSE values, Sips model well-fitted the experimental FLQ and TCN adsorption isotherm data, followed by Freundlich equation. The maximum adsorption capacities for flumequine and tetracycline was of 41.5 and 58.2 mg g(-1) by GBCM(350) activated carbon. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.