Phase-Specific Predictors of Countermovement Jump Performance That Distinguish Good From Poor Jumpers

Krzyszkowski, J, Chowning, LD, and Harry, JR. Phase-specific predictors of countermovement jump performance that distinguish good from poor jumpers. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1257-1263, 2022-The modified-reactive strength index (RSImod) is commonly examined during the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) to assess neuromuscular characteristics (i.e., explosiveness, fatigue, adaptation, etc.) of an athlete. However, both phase-specific variables explaining RSImod and corresponding differences between good and poor jumpers are not well understood in trained populations. This study sought to (a) identify predictors of RSImod during the CMJ based on phase-specific temporal and rate of force development (RFD) variables, and (b) identify differences in those predictors between performers with high and low RSImod performances from a sample of collegiate male basketball players (n = 22; 20 +/- 2 years; 1.99 +/- 0.06 month; 93.8 +/- 7.5 kg). Subjects performed 3 maximal effort CMJ trials while ground reaction force data was recorded using 2 force platforms. Phase-specific temporal and RFD variables were calculated and entered into separate stepwise regression models using backward elimination to identify predictors RSImod. Individuals were then categorized into high (n = 11; RSImod = 0.68 +/- 0.10) and low (n = 11; RSImod = 0.48 +/- 0.04) RSImod groups according to the overall median RSImod (RSImod = 0.55). Independent t-tests (alpha = 0.05) were conducted and supplemented by Cohen's d effect sizes (d >= 1.2, large) to compare groups relative to significant predictors identified by the linear regression models and related variables. The temporal regression model (R-2 = 0.530) retained unloading time and concentric time, whereas the RFD regression model (R-2 = 0.429) retained unloading RFD and braking RFD. The high RSImod group exhibited significantly greater RSImod scores (d = 2.51, p < 0.001) and jump heights (d = 1.58, p < 0.001), shorter times to takeoff (d = 1.27, p = 0.007) and concentric times (d = 1.51, p = 0.002), and a greater braking RFD (d = 1.41, p = 0.005) than the low RSImod group. Individuals targeting enhanced CMJ performance may consider exploring strategies or interventions to develop quicker unloading and concentric phases and increasing eccentric RFD abilities.

Automated summary

This study examined the phase-specific predictors of countermovement jump performance and differences between performers with high and low Reactive Strength Index (RSImod) scores. The high RSImod group exhibited significantly greater RSImod scores, jump heights, shorter times to takeoff and concentric times, and a greater braking rate of force development (RFD) compared to the low RSImod group.