期刊
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
卷 30, 期 5, 页码 633-641出版社
KOREAN SOC MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1912.12010
关键词
3 omega motif; actinorhodopsin (ActR); chloride pump rhodopsin (ClR); sodium pump rhodopsin (NaR); xanthorhodopsin (XR)
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1C1C1004778, NRF-2017R1C1B2009025, NRF-2016R1E1A1A01943552]
Microbial rhodopsins are a superfamily of photoactive membrane proteins with the covalently bound retinal cofactor. Isomerization of the retinal chromophore upon absorption of a photon triggers conformational changes of the protein to function as ion pumps or sensors. After the discovery of proteorhodopsin in an uncultivated gamma-proteobacterium, light-activated proton pumps have been widely detected among marine bacteria and, together with chlorophyll-based photosynthesis, are considered as an important axis responsible for primary production in the biosphere. Rhodopsins and related proteins show a high level of phylogenetic diversity; we focus on a specific class of bacterial rhodopsins containing the '3 omega motif.' This motif forms a stack of three non-consecutive aromatic amino acids that correlates with the B-C loop orientation and is shared among the phylogenetically close ion pumps such as the NDQ motif-containing sodium-pumping rhodopsin, the NTQ motif-containing chloride-pumping rhodopsin, and some proton-pumping rhodopsins including xanthorhodopsin. Here, we reviewed the recent research progress on these 'omega rhodopsins,' and speculated on their evolutionary origin of functional diversity.
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