Perovskite solar cells prepared under infrared irradiation during fabrication process in air ambience

Developing fabrication method without glove-box is essential to industrialize the revolutionary development of perovskite solar cell (PSC). In this paper, infrared irradiation during the fabrication process was studied for the preparation of perovskite absorber layer in air ambience. The infrared irradiation could reduce the ambience moisture. And more importantly, it could offer stereoscopic uniform thermal radiation during the fabrication process to help prepare uniform perovskite absorber layer with decreased annealing temperature. The solar cell structure was Au/spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI3/mesoporous TiO2/compact TiO2/FTO glass. The Au electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation. And the functional thin films < spiro-OMeTAD/CH3NH3PbI3/mesoporous TiO2/compact TiO2 & rang; were prepared by spin coating/spin coating and immersion method/spin coating/spin coating, respectively. The experimental result indicates that uniform and smooth perovskite absorber layer with good optical absorption and relative low R-s and R-sh can be obtained by this route. The element distribution through the thin film is very uniform, demonstrating the perovskite is uniformly filled into the mesoporous TiO2 layer. The atom ratio of the Pb and I is estimated to be 1:2.4. The fabricated PSC shows short-circuit photocurrent density (J(SC)) of 25.71 mA/cm(2), open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of 800 mV, fill factor (FF) of 42.45% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.73%. The simple and practical fabrication route without glove-box can be beneficial to industrial production of the PSC.