Moving systems of polar dimeric capsules out of thermal equilibrium by light irradiation

Heterodimeric capsules self-assembled fromtetraurea calix[4]pyrrole and tetraurea calix[4]arene provide unique molecular containers for the organised inclusion of small polar molecules. By inserting stimuli-responsive groups (azobenzene) in the heterocapsule structure, we are able to modify the equilibrium state of the system or the exchange between different host-guest assemblies in a reversible manner.