期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS
卷 130, 期 2, 页码 301-320出版社
PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
DOI: 10.1134/S1063776120020077
关键词
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资金
- Russian Science Foundation
- RSF [16-12-10-494]
- Swiss National Science Foundation
We provide a review of nontopological solitonic solutions arising in theories with a complex scalar field and global or gauge U(1)-symmetry. It covers Q-balls, homogeneous charged scalar condensates, and nonlinear localized holes and bulges in a classically stable condensate. A historical overview is followed by the discussion of properties of solutions, including their stability, from different perspectives. Solitons in models with additional massive degrees of freedom are also revisited, and their relation to one-field Q-balls is showed. We also discuss theories with a gauge field giving rise to gauged Q-balls and theories with dynamical gravity giving rise to boson stars.
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