期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
卷 90, 期 -, 页码 286-296出版社
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.006
关键词
Air pollution; Organic carbon; Elemental carbon; Light absorption; Pakistan
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41705132, 41630754]
- second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) [2019QZKK0605]
- Frontier Science Key Project of CAS [QYZDJ-SSW-DQC039]
- CAS Light of West China program
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science [SKLCS-OP-2018-01]
- Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Pan-TPE) [XDA20040501]
Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol (CA) and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi, which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South Asia. This study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in total suspended particles (TSP) collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of Karachi. The average TSP, organic carbon (OC), and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0 +/- 217.0, 37.2 +/- 28.0, and 8.53 +/- 6.97 mg/m(3), respectively. These components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and summer. SO42-, NO3-, K+, and NH4+ showed similar variations with CA, implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic activities. Relatively lower OC/EC ratio (4.20 +/- 2.50) compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of CA. Meanwhile, sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for TSP. The average MAC of EC (632 nm) and WSOC (365 nm) were 6.56 +/- 2.70 and 0.97 +/- 0.37 m(2)/g, respectively. MACEC is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions, indicating the significant influence of local emissions. MACWSOC showed opposite distribution with EC, further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel combustion. In addition, dust might be an important factor increasing MACWSOC particularly during spring and summer. (C) 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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