Characterization of Key Odorants in Hanyuan and Hancheng Fried Pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) Oil

Fried pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) oil has been widely used in traditional Chinese cuisine and has recently become increasingly popular in food manufacturing. Thus, the aroma profiles of Hancheng pepper oil (HCPO) and Hanyuan pepper oil (HYPO) from two regions were investigated by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Results from AEDA showed that more aroma compounds with flavor dilution factors >= 9 were detected in HCPO than in HYPO. The odor activity values (OAVs) revealed 28 odorants with OAVs >= 1 in HCPO or HYPO. High OAVs were in particular obtained for 1,8-cineole, (E)-2-heptenal, beta-myrcene, beta-ocimene, limonene, and linalool. Then, the aroma profiles of HCPO and HYPO were successfully simulated through aroma recombination models. Omission tests suggested that beta-phellandrene, p-cymene, acetic acid octyl ester, octanal, citronellol, and sabinene played key roles in aroma differences between HCPO and HYPO. In addition, varying enantiomeric ratios of linalool (floral) and limonene (citrus-like and lemon-like) in HCPO and HYPO were observed by chiral GC-MS, and the odor impressions of limonene and linalool were in good agreement with the odor descriptions of S-(-)-limonene and S-(+)-linalool.