Mixed convection stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid past a vertical flat plate with a second order velocity model

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the steady mixed convection stagnation point of a hybrid nanofluid with a second-order velocity slip. Design/methodology/approach Using appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary (similar) differential equations, which are numerically solved using the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The numerical results are used to present graphical illustrations for the reduced skin friction, reduced Nusselt number, velocity and temperature profiles. Findings Dual solutions are discovered in this study. Thus, stability analysis is implemented and the first (upper branch) and second (lower branch) solutions are determined and analyzed. Research limitations/implications Hybrid nanofluids have many practical applications in the modern industry such as in micro-manufacturing, periodic heat exchanges process, nano drug delivery system and nuclear reactors. Originality/value Despite numerous studies on the mixed convection stagnation point of classical viscous fluids past a vertical plate flow, none of the researchers have focused on the effect of second-order slip velocity on hybrid nanofluids. The behavior of the flow and heat transfer has been thoroughly analyzed with the variations in governing parameters such as heat source/sink and nanoparticle volume fraction. Moreover, the use of the wall slip velocity in this hybrid nanofluid model strengthened the novelty of this study.

Automated summary

This study describes the steady mixed convection stagnation point of a hybrid nanofluid with a second-order velocity slip, using numerical methods to explore dual solutions. The research findings have practical implications for applications in modern industry, such as micro-manufacturing and nano drug delivery systems. The use of a wall slip velocity in the hybrid nanofluid model adds novelty to the study by analyzing the behavior of flow and heat transfer with varying parameters.