期刊
INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
卷 149, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.104933
关键词
Fungi; Limestone; Black crusts; Indoor environments; Biodeterioration
资金
- FEDER-Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI)
- Portuguese funds through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-PTDC/EPH-PAT/3345/2014]
- POCH Programa Operacional Capital Humano [SFRH/BD/139720/2018, SFRH/BD/132523/2017]
- European Social Fund
- MCTES
- QREN-Mais Centro [ICT-2009-02-012-1980]
- FCT-MEC through national funds
- FEDER of the Geosciences Center [UID/Multi/00073/2013]
- [IF/01061/2014]
During the ongoing characterization of limestone biodeterioration in the UNESCO World Heritage site of University of Coimbra - Alta and Sofia (Coimbra, Portugal), it was brought to our attention that the limestone relieves adorning the tomb of D. Afonso I (First Portuguese King), displayed several signs of distinctive biodeterioration patterns. According to the ICOMOS Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns, these could be characterized as visual mould proliferation, presence of black crusts, stone erosion and disintegration. Due to the invaluable nature of this monument, a multi-disciplinary approach (biological and analytical) to fully characterize these phenomena was applied. The results obtained allowed the characterization of the fungal diversity colonizing this monument, as well as the identification of various deterioration products. The results highlighted that the detected indoor black crusts displayed various characteristics from polluted environments, although lacking the typical association with gypsum. The black crusts were also characterized by the presence of lead oxides, damaging salts and carbonaceous particles. In addition, it could be verified that the erosion phenomena found are a result from fungal mediated calcium carbonate dissolution and calcium oxalate formation. The establishment of different fungal populations coupled with the deposition of environmental particles contributed to the development of the distinct phenomena detected through differential biodeterioration mechanisms.
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