Experimental and computational analysis of vertical jet fires of methane in normal and sub-atmospheric pressures

Accidental jet fires occurring in industrial facilities can involve severe consequences as they can trigger domino effect. The assessment of the flame-geometry descriptors of the jet can contribute to prevent flame impingement on plant equipment, hence reducing inventory loss and structural collapse. This paper reports the geometrical features of vertical methane subsonic jet flames at normal and sub-atmospheric pressures: 1.0 atm, 0.9 atm, 0.8 atm, 0.7 atm and 0.6 atm. Differences on flame shape are evaluated, and linear correlations of the main geometrical parameters of interest (i.e. lift-off distance, radiant flame length, and equivalent diameter) are defined as a function of the Reynolds number. Moreover, the predictive capabilities of FDS, FireFOAM and FLACS-Fire codes are assessed when determining the geometrical features of jet fire experiments. Based on a qualitative and a quantitative comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the main strengths and weaknesses of each code are identified. Recommendations on suitable grid sizes are delivered.