Cytogenetic and genotoxic assessment in Allium cepa exposed to imazalil fungicide

Imazalil (IMZ), a fungicide containing imidazole group, is extensively used for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in plants. Current study was performed to examine cyto-genotoxic potential of IMZ on Allium cepa roots by following Allium ana-telophase and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assays. The concentration which reduced the growth of the root tips of IMZ by 50% compared to the negative control group (EC50) was found to be 1 mu g/mL by Allium root growth inhibition test. 0.5, 1, and 2 mu g/mL concentrations of IMZ were exposed to Allium roots for intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. 10 mu g/mL of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and distilled water were used as control groups, both positive and negative. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple comparison tests at p <= 0.05 and Pearson correlation test at p = 0.01. IMZ showed cytotoxic effect by statistically decreasing root growth and mitotic index (MI) and also genotoxic effect by statistically increasing chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage compared to the negative control group. With these cyto-genotoxic effects, it should be used carefully and further cyto-genotoxic mechanisms should be investigated along with other toxicity tests.