Synergistic Tannic Acid-Fluoride Inhibition of Ammonia Emissions and Simultaneous Reduction of Methane and Odor Emissions from Livestock Waste

Gaseous emissions from livestock production are complex mixtures including ammonia, methane, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and H2S. These contribute to eutrophication, reduced air quality, global warming, and odor nuisance. It is imperative that these gases are mitigated in an environmentally sustainable manner. We present the discovery of a microbial inhibitor combo consisting of tannic acid and sodium fluoride (TA-NaF), which exhibits clear synergistic inhibition of ammonia production in pure bacteria culture and in pig manure while simultaneously inhibiting methane and odorant (H2S and VOC) emissions. In laboratory headspace experiments on pig manure, we used proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure the effect of TA-NaF on gaseous emissions. Ammonia emission was reduced by more than 95%, methane by up to similar to 99%, and odor activity value by more than 50%. Microbial community analysis and gas emission data suggest that TA-NaF acts as an efficient generic microbial inhibitor, and we hypothesize that the synergistic inhibitory effect on ammonia production is related to tannic acid causing cell membrane leakage allowing fluoride ions easy access to urease.