期刊
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
卷 36, 期 2, 页码 289-299出版社
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0343-6
关键词
Perivascular space; Virchow-Robin space; Interstitial fluid drainage; Perivascular metabolic clearance; Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Cerebrovascular disease
资金
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP) [13129, 142367]
- Alzheimer Society of Canada and Alzheimer Association (US)
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery (HSFCPSR)
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research program at Sunnybrook Research Institute
- Linda C. Campbell Foundation
- Canadian Vascular Network
- HSFCPSR
- Sunnybrook Research Institute
- Brill Chair in Neurology Department of Medicine
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine (Neurology) Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance
Although the brain lacks conventional lymphatic vessels found in peripheral tissue, evidence suggests that the space surrounding the vasculature serves a similar role in the clearance of fluid and metabolic waste from the brain. With aging, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular disease, these microscopic perivascular spaces can become enlarged, allowing for visualization and quantification on structural MRI. The purpose of this review is to: (i) describe some of the recent pre-clinical findings from basic science that shed light on the potential neurophysiological mechanisms driving glymphatic and perivascular waste clearance, (ii) review some of the pathobiological etiologies that may lead to MRI-visible enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS), (iii) describe the possible clinical implications of ePVS, (iv) evaluate existing qualitative and quantitative techniques used for measuring ePVS burden, and (v) propose future avenues of research that may improve our understanding of this potential clinical neuroimaging biomarker for fluid and metabolic waste clearance dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases.
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