Advancing real-time flood prediction in large estuaries: iFLOOD a fully coupled surge-wave automated web-based guidance system

Real-time flood forecasting computational frameworks that can dynamically integrate oceanic, coastal and estuarine processes are becoming essential to provide accurate and timely information for emergency response and planning in largely populated estuaries during extreme events. This study presents a newly developed realtime total water flood guidance system that is fully automated based on the coupled surge-wave (ADCIRC + SWAN) model and provides water level forecasts in the Chesapeake Bay for a lead-time of 84 h twice a day displayed on a web-based public interface. This system improved the current total water level predictions in the Bay (RMSE < 0.12 m) when compared to the existing operational forecasting systems over the period of 6 months (Jan'19-Jun'19). Furthermore, we demonstrated that a bias correction scheme and a multi-member ensemble forecast improve the overall flood prediction. Results suggests that this framework can improve our current capacity to predict total water levels in large estuaries.