Highly active and stable HF acid modified HZSM-5 supported Ni catalysts for steam reforming of toluene and biomass pyrolysis tar

This paper investigated the performance of HF modified HZSM-5 supported nickel catalysts (Ni/FZ5) in steam reforming of toluene (TSR) and biomass pyrolysis tar (BSR). The mesopores volume of support increased from 0.021 to 0.061 cm(3)/g with decreasing acid amount from 2.27 to 0.41 mmol/g after HF treatment. Catalysts with different Ni loadings were prepared and characterized. The Ni/FZ5 with Ni loading of 9 wt% possesses relatively large specific surface area (337 m(2)/g) and average pore size (2.91 nm), as well as small Ni particle size (23 nm) and high dispersion. In the process of TSR, 9Ni/FZ5 was kept above 70% for 7 h. Owing to the calculated lower apparent activation energy (30.76 KJ/mol), 9Ni/FZ5 exhibited the best performance in BSR at 650 degrees C, achieving the largest H-2 yield of 52.8 mmol/g and the highest selectivity of H-2 at 72.8%. Additionally, only 1.6 mg/g eetelyst of coke deposition was detected. Moreover, its high activity was still identified with excellent hydrothermal stability even after 7 times of regeneration. All findings suggest that 9Ni/FZ5 is a promising catalyst for biomass tar cracking.