期刊
CLIMATE DYNAMICS
卷 55, 期 3-4, 页码 553-577出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05282-7
关键词
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资金
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_135395, 200020_159938, 200020_188601]
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
- CMIP6
- ESGF
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021_135395, 200020_188601, 200020_159938] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
A plausible simulation of the global energy balance is a first-order requirement for a credible climate model. Here I investigate the representation of the global energy balance in 40 state-of-the-art global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). In the CMIP6 multi-model mean, the magnitudes of the energy balance components are often in better agreement with recent reference estimates compared to earlier model generations on a global mean basis. However, the inter-model spread in the representation of many of the components remains substantial, often on the order of 10-20 Wm(-2) globally, except for aspects of the shortwave clear-sky budgets, which are now more consistently simulated by the CMIP6 models. The substantial inter-model spread in the simulated global mean latent heat fluxes in the CMIP6 models, exceeding 20% (18 Wm(-2)), further implies also large discrepancies in their representation of the global water balance. From a historic perspective of model development over the past decades, the largest adjustments in the magnitudes of the simulated present-day global mean energy balance components occurred in the shortwave atmospheric clear-sky absorption and the surface downward longwave radiation. Both components were gradually adjusted upwards over several model generations, on the order of 10 Wm(-2), to reach 73 and 344 Wm(-2), respectively in the CMIP6 multi-model means. Thereby, CMIP6 has become the first model generation that largely remediates long-standing model deficiencies related to an overestimation in surface downward shortwave and compensational underestimation in downward longwave radiation in its multi-model mean.
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