Environmental sustainability policy on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle penetration utilizing fuzzy TOPSIS and game theory

In this paper, environmental policymaking based on sustainable development was evaluated in Tehran to increase the penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. First, different aspects of sustainable development, including the environmental, economic, social, and technical aspects of Tehran's vehicles from 2002 to 2018, were examined through the extended sustainable development model. The model documented the unsustainability of the development of vehicles in Tehran, the main reason for which could be the current air pollution in this city. Following this, based on the principle of sustainable development, some policy indices for the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle penetration were introduced and ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which ranked in the point of view of two players, namely buyers of vehicles and the state. Finally, to find the appropriate policy index, using the game theory method and taking the vehicle buyer and the state as the players, the Nash equilibrium point was defined as an appropriate policy for the development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Thus, using the data obtained, the number of these vehicles for the year 2032 was estimated. [GRAPHICS] .