Media matters! Alterations in the loading and release ofHistoplasma capsulatumextracellular vesicles in response to different nutritional milieus

Histoplasma capsulatumis a dimorphic fungus that most frequently causes pneumonia, but can also disseminate and proliferate in diverse tissues.Histoplasma capsulatumhas a complex secretion system that mediates the release of macromolecule-degrading enzymes and virulence factors. The formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mechanism for non-conventional secretion in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.Histoplasma capsulatumEVs contain diverse proteins associated with virulence and are immunologically active. Despite the growing knowledge of EVs fromH. capsulatumand other pathogenic fungi, the extent that changes in the environment impact the sorting of organic molecules in EVs has not been investigated. In this study, we cultivatedH. capsulatumwith distinct culture media to investigate the potential plasticity in EV loading in response to differences in nutrition. Our findings reveal that nutrition plays an important role in EV loading and formation, which may translate into differences in biological activities of these fungi in various fluids and tissues.