期刊
CELL
卷 165, 期 5, 页码 1224-1237出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.034
关键词
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资金
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats contract
- European Research Council Consolidator Grant [ERC-2012-Co-616960]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [BFU-2011-23434]
- Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya [2014 SGR 619]
- Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [SAF2013-48926-P]
- AGAUR
- European Commission [277899]
- EMBO Long-Term Fellowship [ALTF 841-2014]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [BFU2013-41322-P]
- Andalusian Government [BIO-396]
- University Pablo de Olavide
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [PT13/0001]
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
The unicellular ancestor of animals had a complex repertoire of genes linked to multicellular processes. This suggests that changes in the regulatory genome, rather than in gene innovation, were key to the origin of animals. Here, we carry out multiple functional genomic assays in Capsaspora owczarzaki, the unicellular relative of animals with the largest known gene repertoire for transcriptional regulation. We show that changing chromatin states, differential lincRNA expression, and dynamic cis-regulatory sites are associated with life cycle transitions in Capsaspora. Moreover, we demonstrate conservation of animal developmental transcription-factor networks and extensive network interconnection in this premetazoan organism. In contrast, however, Capsaspora lacks animal promoter types, and its regulatory sites are small, proximal, and lack signatures of animal enhancers. Overall, our results indicate that the emergence of animal multicellularity was linked to a major shift in genome cis-regulatory complexity, most notably the appearance of distal enhancer regulation.
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