Long-term follow-up after sirolimus-coated balloon use for coronary artery disease. Final results of the Nanolute study

Objectives To test the long-term efficacy of a sirolimus-coated balloon (SCB). Background Nanolute was a prospective registry to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel SCB (Concept Medical Research Private Limited, India) for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions and in-stent restenosis (ISR). We here present the 24 months clinical data. Methods All patients treated with SCB for any type of coronary indication between July 2012 and September 2015 were enrolled at Indian centers and clinically followed up to 24 months. Primary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as a composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and target vessel-myocardial infarction (MI). Results A total of 484 SCBs were used in 408 patients to treat 435 lesions. In detail, the SCB was used for 183 patients with ISR, 185 with de novo small vessel disease, and 40 with de novo large vessel disease. Mean balloon length and diameter (average +/- SD) were 22.3 +/- 7.1 mm and 2.7 +/- 0.40 mm, respectively. All patients with 24 months follow-up were included. Overall MACE rate was 4.2% (n = 17) with three cardiac deaths (0.7%), 13 TLR (3.2%), and one MI (0.2%). Conclusion The Nanolute prospective registry is the first long-term clinical evidence of the safety and feasibility of this type of SCB, both in patients with ISR or de novo lesions.