Low educational level of head of household, as a proxy for poverty, is associated with severe anaemia among children with sickle cell disease living in a low-resource setting: evidence from the SPRING trial

Severe anaemia, defined as haemoglobin level < 6 center dot 0 g/dl, is an independent risk factor for death in individuals with sickle cell disease living in resource-limited settings. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 941 children with sickle cell anaemia, who had been defined as phenotype HbSS or HbS beta(0) thalassaemia, aged five to 12 years, and were screened for enrollment into a large primary stroke prevention trial in Nigeria (SPRING; NCT02560935). The main aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for severe anaemia. We found severe anaemia to be present in 3 center dot 9% (37 of 941) of the SPRING study participants. Severe anaemia was significantly associated with the lower educational level of the head of the household (P = 0 center dot 003), as a proxy for poverty, and a greater number of children per room in the household (P = 0 center dot 004). Body mass index was not associated with severe anaemia. The etiology of severe anaemia in children living with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria is likely to be multifactorial with an interplay between an individual's disease severity and other socio-economic factors related to poverty.