Clinical study of endoscopic treatment of a sellar pituitary adenomas with sellar diaphragm defect

Background Invasive growth of pituitary macroadenomas to the suprasellar region occurs commonly. Pituitary adenomas show varying growth patterns when the sellar diaphragm is absent, and they are often confused with other common tumors in the sellar region. This article explores the clinical features of suprasellar pituitary adenomas with defects of the sellar diaphragm (SPADSD) and evaluates the efficacy of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for treatment of such tumors. Methods We performed a detailed examination of records from 19 patients collected prior to surgery. After relevant diseases were excluded, the tumor properties were evaluated according to imaging characteristics. Diagnoses were verified using EEA surgery. The concept of SPADSD was put forward. Postoperative recovery was followed to determine whether EEA is suitable for the treatment of such tumors. Results In the 19 patients with SPADSD, we found that the tumors were less stressed on the pituitary, and tumors in the suprasellar region often had irregular shapes. During surgery, we took extended supra-saddle approaches and confirmed that unrestricted growth of the tumor was caused by defects in the diaphragm of the sella turcica to the suprasellar region. Recovery was good after surgery, confirming the efficacy of EEA for treatment of these tumors. Conclusion SPADSD has different clinical features from those of other pituitary tumors and requires careful screening prior to surgery. Endoscopic surgery is the preferred procedure for this type of tumor.