期刊
CATALYSIS LETTERS
卷 146, 期 8, 页码 1470-1477出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1777-7
关键词
Cu exchanged PMA; Bi-functional; Raman spectroscopy; TPD; Py-FTIR; P-31 NMR; Acidity
资金
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
Cu exchanged heteropolyacid catalysts were synthesized by ion exchange method and characterized using various physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Raman, BET surface area, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia, P-31 NMR, pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectroscopy, ICP-AES and STEM analysis. XRD diffractograms shows crystallites of heteropolyacid, while FT-IR and Raman spectra indicate that the Keggin ion is retained in the catalysts. P-31 NMR, ammonia TPD and pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectra results suggest that acidity decreases once Cu was incorporated in the heteropolyacid catalyst. For the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, the Cu exchanged phosphomolybdic acid (Cu-PMA) exhibits better catalytic performance than the phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) catalyst and this is related closely with the structural and acidic properties of the catalyst. [GRAPHICS]
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