Muscle Redox Signaling: Engaged in Sickness and in Health

Even though physical activity is known to perturb the redox homeostasis and create a pro-oxidative muscular environment, robust evidence has confirmed precise, powerful, and beneficial effects of regular physical activity on health. Physical exercise can activate redox-sensitive intracellular signaling pathways via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related pathways leading to modification of muscle function through genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. However, ROS-mediated signaling also has deleterious effects on skeletal muscle function, which has been observed in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes, among others. One of the most challenging issues debated on this topic is that of the levels of redox signaling that promote either beneficial or harmful effects to our bodies. This Forum discusses the latest progress in muscle redox signaling with emphasis on muscle physiology and physiopathology.