APTEEN routing protocol optimization in wireless sensor networks based on combination of genetic algorithms and fruit fly optimization algorithm

APTEEN routing protocol exists the problems of uneven network energy consumption, premature death of some nodes, consume too much unnecessary energy and low effective coverage of the whole network. To solve these problems, this paper optimizes the APTEEN routing protocol by combining genetic algorithm with fruit fly optimization algorithm. By adding residual energy, distance from node to base station, distance from node to geometric center of the whole network, node degree and other selection factors to cluster heads selection, the genetic algorithm and fruit fly optimization algorithm is used to select cluster heads for the first time, and the second time of cluster heads selection based on density adaptive algorithm. Some nodes are selected to sleep according to the position and degree of nodes. The residual energy of cluster head, the distance between node and cluster head, and the number of cluster members are taken into account when nodes join clusters. When energy is transmitted from cluster heads to base station, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the optimal path. Add the rule of rotating cluster heads when the energy consumption of data transmission is too high, and the GA-APTEEN routing protocol is obtained through the above optimization. The simulation results show that the GA-APTEEN improves the 50% lifetime, 10% coverage and robustness of the network, reduces the energy consumption of the overall network system and avoids the phenomenon of the hot zone of energy. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.