期刊
CARBON
卷 99, 期 -, 页码 238-248出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.027
关键词
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资金
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LO1305]
- Operational Program Education for Competitiveness - European Social Fund of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0155]
- Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic [IGA_PrF_2015_017, IGA_PrF_2015_027]
- Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [NS9670-4]
- Project GACR [15-22248S, LO1304]
- European Regional Development Fund, Contract Grant (Project) FNUSA-ICRC [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123]
Carbon dots (CDs) are fluorescent nanoprobes offering a great potential in biological and medical applications due to their superior biocompatibility compared to metal chalcogenide quantum dots (e.g., CdSe). Key factors determining their cytotoxicity and cellular/intracellular tracking involve chemical nature and charge of surface functional groups. For the first time, we present a comprehensive cytotoxic study including cell cycle analysis of carbon dots differing in surface functionalization, namely pristine CDs (CDs-Pri) with negative charge due to carboxylic groups, polyethyleneglycol modified dots with neutral charge (CDs-PEG), and polyethylenimine coated dots with a positive charge (CDs-PEI). The CDs in vitro toxicity was studied on standard mouse fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). The results suggest that neutral CDs-PEG are the most promising for biological applications as they do not induce any abnormalities in cell morphology, intracellular trafficking, and cell cycle up to concentrations of 300 mu g mL(-1). Negatively charged CDs-Pri arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, stimulated proliferation and led to higher oxidative stress, however they did not enter the cell nucleus. In contrast, positively charged CDs-PEI are the most cytotoxic, entering into the cell nucleus and inducing the largest changes in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, even at concentrations of around 100 mu g mL(-1). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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