A framework for in-situ geometric data acquisition using laser scanning for BIM modelling

Laser scanning, as a rising topic within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, has been increasing both in importance and practice as a means of gathering in-situ geometric data. Several studies have covered possible applications of this technology, from construction monitoring to damage assessment, with Building Information Modelling (BIM) being one of its focus. Despite this, to present, no research was found to fully explore the laser scanning survey process, with most studies either focusing the process after the point cloud acquisition or after its conversion to BIM. To help fill this knowledge gap, the present article introduces a full-fledged laser scanning framework for geometric data acquisition, comprising the entire spectrum from planning, surveying and data analysis. The result is a framework that details the necessary steps to acquire a point cloud that is applicable to BIM modelling. The framework is validated through its application to a recently renewed bus station in Porto, Portugal. Relevant conclusions regarding setting selection, station positioning, optimization, point cloud decimation and treatment, required resolution, along other topics, are drawn through laboratory tests and the previously mentioned case study.