Bio(Sensing) devices based on ferrocene-functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes

Both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are important pillars in the ongoing efforts to devise new applications in nanotechnology. One of their most promising applications is building devices such as sensors and biosensors, which is important step for the development of personalized medical healthcare devices. Mediators are usually used and sought to modify the physicochemical properties of these materials. In this review, we highlight the importance of the functionalization of CNT and graphene derivatives with redox molecules taking ferrocene derivatives as a model molecule. The employed techniques during (bio) sensing measurements using various functionalization strategies are also described. In addition, we discuss various aspects related to the applications of ferroceneemodified CNTs and graphene in electrochemical sensors and biosensors with a focus on the explanation of both CNTs/graphene and ferrocene contributions in the catalytic systems, which in turn enhance the analytical performance of the (bio) sensing devices. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.