期刊
PLANTS-BASEL
卷 9, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants9020228
关键词
breeding system; fatty acids; health; kernels; macadamia; mating system; nutrients; nuts; pollination; self-incompatibility
资金
- Ruhr University Research School through Germany's Excellence Initiative [DFG GSC 98/3]
- University of the Sunshine Coast (USC)
- Hort Frontiers Pollination Fund, part of the Hort Frontiers strategic partnership initiative [PH16001]
- USC, Plant & Food Research Ltd.
- Australian Government
Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, Daddow, 816 and A4. We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross- or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in Daddow and A4. Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in Daddow and A4. Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross- and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for Daddow, 816 and A4, respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.
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