An integrated electrode/separator with nitrogen and nickel functionalized carbon hybrids for advanced lithium/polysulfide batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most promising next-generation secondary battery systems for meeting increasing energy storage demands due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is hindered by the low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the severe polysulfide shuttling problem. Here, we report the easy synthesis of a nitrogen-doped multifunctional nanocarbon hybrid decorated with nickel nanoparticles and its use in a conductive membrane for an integrated electrode/separator in Li/dissolved polysulfide batteries. The nitrogen-doping produces desirable polysulfide immobilization by enhanced adsorption and chemical bonding. The nickel nano particles act as electrocatalysts to accelerate the kinetics of sulfur conversion reactions. The assembled conductive membrane acts both as a conductive scaffold and a polysulfide adsorption layer that allows efficient charge transfer and effectively prevents polysulfide diffusion. Consequently, a Li/polysulfide cell with a high sulfur loading demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a low capacity decay rate of 0.115% per cycle over 200 cycles, showing great promise for use in advanced Li-S batteries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.